~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Notes
|
(1) Charles E. Chapman, "Republican Hispanic America: A History" (New York:
The Macmillan Co., 1937), pp. 243-245; Dana G. Munro, "The Five Republics of
Central America" (New York: Oxford University Press, 1918), pp. 24-26.
(2) Munro, "op. cit." pp. 72-79; Floyd Cramer, "Our Neighbor Nicaragua" (New
York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1929), pp. 56-58.
(3) William O. Scroggs, "Filibusters and Financiers" (New York: The
Macmillan Co., 1916), pp. 71-72.
(4) Ruhl J. Bartlett (ed.) "The Record of American Diplomacy" (New York:
Alfred A.Knopf, 1954), pp. 244, 246-247.
(5) Scroggs, "op. cit.", pp. 79-80.
(6) Cramer, "op. cit.", pp. 69-80.
(7) Scroggs, "op. cit.", pp. 130-158, 270-284; Louis N. Feipel, "The Navy
and Filibustering in the Fifties", "U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings", v. 44,
no. 7 (Jul 1918), pp. 1529-1541.
(8) Feipel, "op. cit.", v. 44, no. 8 (Aug 1918), pp. 1840-1844.
(9) "Ibid.", v. 44, no. 9 (Sep 1918), pp. 2083-2085.
(10) Munro, "op. cit.", pp. 86-88.
(11) Graham H. Stuart "Latin America and the United States" (New York:
Appleton-Century Co., 1938), PP. 337-33~
(12) Cramer, "op. cit.", p. 129.
(13) Harry A. Ellsworth, "180 Landings of United States Marines", a
mimeographed volume available at the library of the Historical Branch, HQMC,
pp. 122-124.
(14) Munro, "op. cit.", pp. 204-214.
(15) Munro, "op. cit.", pp. 227-232; Cramer, "op. cit.", pp. 138-139.
(16) U. S. Department of State, "A Brief History of the Relations Between the
United States and Nicaragua, 1909-1928" (Washington: Government Printing
Office, pp. 4-5.
(17) "Ibid.;" Cramer, "op. cit." p. 140; Charles Lee Lewis, "Famous American
Marines" (Boston: L. C. Page and Co., 1950), p. 212.
(18) Munro, "op. cit.", pp. 227-242; Cramer. "op. cit.", pp. 145-146.
(19) Ellsworth, "op. cit.", p. 127; Munro, "op. cit.", pp. 242-244.
(20) Ellsworth, "op. cit.", pp. 127-128.
(21) Nelson P. Vulte, "Diary of the Nicaraguan Expedition, 1912." Typed copy
in the archives of the Historical Branch, HQMC.
(22) "Ibid."
(23) "Ibid."
(24) Lewis, "op. cit.", pp. 213-215.
(25) Vulte, "op. cit."
(26) Lewis, "op. cit.", pp. 190-193.
(27) Vulte, "op. cit." Lewis, "op. cit.", pp. 213-215.
(28) Vulte, "op. cit." Lewis, "op. cit.", pp. 213-215.
(29) Lewis, "op. cit." pp. 215-217.
(30) Vulte, "op. cit."
(31) Lewis, "op. cit.", 217; "Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy,
1912" (Washington, 1912), p. 13; Pendleton to Butler, 3 Oct 1912 (Subject
File: Nicaragua, 1912, Historical Branch, HQMC).
(32) Munro, "op. cit.", p. 245.
(33) "Ibid.", p. 253.
(34) "Ibid.", pp. 258-261.
(35) "Ibid.", pp. 251-252.
(36) U. S. Department of State, "op. cit." pp. 19-22.
(37) Chapman, "op. cit.", p. 268.
(38) Letters, Captain M. C. Gregory, USMC, to Commandant, 15th Naval District
dated 27 Jan 1922 and Major Wilbur Thing, USMC, to MGC dtd 1 Mar 1922 in
officer's case file 0983-2-3, THING, Wilbur. Officer case files are in the
custody of the Records Branch, HQMC.
(39) Ellsworth, "op. cit.", p. 128.
(40) "Samples of Propaganda", January-February 1922 in officer's case file
983-2-3, THING. Wilbur.
(41) Ellsworth, "op. cit.", p. 128.
(42) U. S. Department of State, "op. cit.", pp. 22-24.
(43) "Ibid.", p. 26.
(44) "Ibid.", pp. 27-28.
(45) Henry L. Stimson, "American Policy in Nicaragua" (New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1927), app. 22-23.
(46) U. S. Department of State, "op. cit.", pp. 30-32; "New York
Herald-Tribune", 1 Mar 1927 (clipping in Subject File: Nicaragua 1927,
Historical Branch, HQMC.
(47) Ellsworth, "op. cit.", p. 130.
(48) Dom A. Pagano, "Bluejackets" (Boston: Meador Publishing Company, 1932),
pp. 26-35.
(49) U. S. Department of State, "op. cit.", pp. 33-37.
(50) "Ibid.", pp. 37-38, 45.
(51) "Ibid.", pp. 45-46.
(52) "Ibid.", pp. 80-84; Clyde H. Metcalf, "A History of the United States
Marine Corps" (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1939), p. 419.
(53) John M. Wearmouth, "The Second Intervention in Nicaragua: 1927-1932"
(Unpublished manuscript in the archives of the Historical Branch, HQMC), pp.
24-25; Robert Sherrod, "History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II"
(Washington: Combat Forces Press, 1952), p. 24.
(54) U. S. Department of State, "op. cit.", pp. 45-46, 49-52.
(55) "Ibid.", pp. 50-54; Stimson, "op. cit.", p. 88; Ellsworth, "op. cit.",
p. 133.
(56) U. S. Department of State, "op. cit.", pp. 50-54.
(57) "Ibid.", pp. 38-39; Major Julian C. Smith, USMC, et. al., "A Review of
the Organization and Operations of the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua", undated
booklet issued by the United States Marine Corps and available at the library
of the Historical Branch, HQMC, pp. 9-17.
(58) Letter of Departmental Election Board, Estili, 6 Nov 1928 in "GN-2
File." Unless otherwise noted, files designated GN, R, or B, cited below are
to be found in the archives of the Historical Branch, HQMC. GN indicates
Guardia Nacional; R, regimental; and B, brigade.
(59) Gilbert D. Hatfield, "A Brief Account of the Battle of Ocotal" (Subject
File: Nicaragua, 1927, Historical Branch, HQMC); Sherrod, "op. cit.", pp.
24-25.
(60) "Nueva Segovia Expedition" (Subject File: Nicaragua, 1927, Historical
Branch, HQMC); Wearmouth, "op. cit.", pp. 40-44.
(61) Bruce to CO, MD, Jicaro, 18 Aug 1927 in ""GN-3 File: Patrol and Contact
Reports."
(62) O'Shea to CO, 5th Regiment, 4 Sep 1927 in "GN-3 File: Patrol and Contact
Reports."
(63) Brigade Commander to MGC, 3 Sep 1927 in "GN-3 File: Patrol and Contact
Reports."
(64) "Annual Report of Aircraft Squadrons, 2d Brigade, USMC", "Marine Corps
Gazette", v. 13, no. 4 (Dec 1928), pp. 248-265; Charles R. Sanderson, "The
Supply Service in Western Nicaragua", "Marine Corps Gazette", v. 17, no. 1
(May 1932), pp. 41-42.
(65) Summary of Intelligence Reports, 20 Jan 1928, in "History of the Guardia
Nacional, 23 Jan 1927-24 Oct 1929", in archives of the Historical Branch,
HQMC.
(66) CO, MD, Jicaro to CO, 5th Regiment, 12 Oct 1927 in "GN-3 File: Patrol
and Contact Reports."
(67) Gulick to MGC, 15 Oct 1927, in "Nicaragua: confidential letters to the
Major General Commandant from the brigade commander", in archives of the
Historical Branch, HQMC.
(68) Gould to CO, 5th Regiment, 2 Nov 1927, in "GN-3 File: Patrol and Contact
Reports"; Smith, et. al., "op. cit.", p. 303.
(69) Brown to Division Commander, Nueva Segovia, 11 Nov 1927 in "GN-3 File:
Patrol and Contact Reports".
(70) "B-2 File: Intelligence Reports", 5 Sep 1927 - 19 Jan 1928, "passim."
(71) Gulick to MGC, 3 Dec 1927 in "Nicaragua, confidential letters...", "loc.
cit."
(72) Brown to Brigade Commander, Dec 1927 in "GN-3 File: Patrol and Contact
Reports".
(73) F. D. Harbaugh to Brigade Commander, 12 Dec 1927 in "GN-3 File: Patrol
and Contact Reports".
(74) "Combat Operations in Nicaragua", "Marine Corps Gazette", v. 14, no. 2
(Jan 1929), pp. 81-89; Hunt to Brigade Command, 4 Jan 1928 in "GN-3 File:
Patrol and Contact Reports".
(75) CO, Observation Squadron 7-M to SecNav, 9 Jan 1928 (Biography File:
SCHILT, Christian Frank., Historical Branch, HQMC).
(76) Satterfield to CO, GN, 8 Jan 1928 in "GN-3 File: Patrol and Contact
Reports".
(77) "General Rowell's Report on Chipote" (Biography File: ROWELL, Ross E.,
Historical Branch, HQMC).
(78) "Combat Operations in Nicaragua", "Marine Corps Gazette", v. 14, no. 2
(Jun 1929), pp. 91-94.
(79) Metcalf, "op. cit.", pp. 431-432.
(80) "Combat Operations in Nicaragua", "Marine Corps Gazette", v. 14, no. 3
(Sep 1929), pp. 170-179.
(81) "Ibid.", pp. 177-179
(82) Merritt A. Edson, "The Coco River Patrol", "Marine Corps Gazette", v.
20, no. 3 (Aug 1936), p. 18; v. 20, no. 4 (Nov 1936), p. 40; v. 21, no. 1 (Feb
1937, p. 35; Utley to MGC, 13 May 1928, and Feland to MGC, 28 Apr and 7 May
1928 in "Nicaragua, Confidential Letters...", "loc. cit."
(83) Victor F. Bleasdale, "La Flor Engagement", "Marine Corps Gazette", v.
16, no. 4 (Feb 1932), pp. 29-40.
(84) "B-2 File: Intelligence Reports, 30 Jul 1928".
(85) "Ibid."
(86) CG, 2d Brigade to MGC, 2 Feb 1929 in officer's case file 0881-2-3, SHAW,
Norman M.
(87) Edwin N. McClellan, "Supervising Nicaraguan Elections", "U. S. Naval
Institute Proceeds", v. 59, no. 1 (Jan 1933), pp. 37-38; Executive memorandum
No. 22, American Electoral Commission in Nicaragua (Subject File: Nicaragua,
Electoral Commission, Historical Branch, HQMC).
(88) Annual Report of the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua in "History of the
Guardia Nacional, 23Jan 1927 - 24 Oct 1929", in archives of the Historical
Branch, HQMC.
(89) "R-2 File: Intelligence Reports", 5th Regt, 13-26 Jan 1929, and 11th
Regt, Jan - 20 Feb 1929.
(90) "R-2 File: Intelligence Reports", 5th Regt, 27 Jan - 9 Feb 1929;
Biography Pile: HANNEKEN, Herman, Historical Branch, HQMC.
(91) "R-2 File: Intelligence Reports", 5th Regt, 13-26 Jan 1929.
(92) Edwin C. Godbold, "Nicaragua" (Unpublished manuscript in the archives of
the Historical Branch, HQMC), pt. 15, pp. 56-59.
(93) Smith, et. al. "op. cit.", pp. 111-115.
(94) "History of the Eleventh Regiment, U. S. Marines", "Marine Corps
Gazette, v. 26, no. 2 (Jun 1942), p. 75.
(95) Smith, et. al. "op. cit.", pp. 311-316.
(96) Godbold, "op. cit.", pt. 15, pp. 60-63.
(97) Wearmouth, "op. cit.", pp. 118-122.
(98) Godbold, "op. cit.", pt. 16, pp. 2-3,
(99) Evans F. Carlson, "The Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua", "Marine Corps
Gazette, v. 21, no. 3 (Jun 1937), pp. 7-11.
(100) "Ibid.", p. 11; Smith, et. al. "op. cit.", p. 332.
(101) Godbold, "op. cit.", pt. 16, pp. 5-6.
(102) "Ibid.", pt. 16, pp. 8-13.
(103) Headquarters, Aircraft Squadrons, 2d Brigade, Managua, Nicaragua,
Weekly Operations Report dtd 4 Apr 1931 (Subject File: Nicaragua -
earthquake, Historical Branch, HQMC).
(104) Godbold, "op. cit.", pt. 16, pp. 21-29; Hanna to Secretary of State, 21
Apr 1931 (Subject File: Nicaragua - earthquake, Historical Branch, HQMC).
(105) Godbold, "op. cit.", pt. 16, pp. 32-34.
(106) U. S. Navy Department, "Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy,
1931", (Washington, 1931), pp.1160-1162.
(107) "Ibid.", p. 1163.
(108) The others took place at Somotillo, 8 Jan 1928; Telpaneca, 6 Oct 1929
and 21 Oct 1929; Paso Real, Jinotega, 9 Mar 1930; Jicaro, 17 Apr 1930;
Somoto, 8 Dec 1930; and Managua, 4 Apr 1931.
(109) Smith, et. al. "op. cit.", p. 377; Carlson, "op. cit.", pp. 14-15.
(110) Smith, et. al. "op. cit.", p. 379.
(111) "Ibid.", pp. 379-386.
(112) "Ibid.", pp. 121-122.
(113) Carlson, "op. cit.", pp. 16-17.
(114) Gobold, "op. cit.", pt. 17, pp. 23, 27.
(115) "Ibid.", pt. 17, pp. 26-30, 49.
(116) Carlson, "op. cit.", p. 19.
(117) "Marines Return from Nicaragua", "Marine Corps Gazette", v. 17, no. 4
(Feb 1933), pp. 23-27.
|
|
